Abstract: 【Abstract】Secondary high intraocular pressure(IOL) is one of the most common  complications after silicone oil tamponade. The mechanisms of elevated IOP secondary to silicone oil tamponade remains complex. Several factors could be involved such as: (1) excessive silicone oil tamponade; (2) silicone oil emulsification; (3) diffusion of silicone oil into the anterior chamber; (4) chronic toxic effects of silicone oil; (5) association with an other surgery; (6) ocular traumatism; (7) preoperative predisposing factors; (8) postoperative medication and postoperative body position. This manuscript will review the different causes of IOP elevcotion after vitrectomy and silicone oil retinal tamponade.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 98-101)